Sleep Deprivation essays

Lack of sleep articles Rest is one of the most significant things an individual does every day. It permits the body to rest and to renew itself with the goal that it is better ready to fill its need of living. However, numerous individuals who need more hours in the day to do everything need to remove rest before some other movement. This is particularly valid for young people, who are attempting to get passing marks, do extra curricular exercises, work, and have a public activity. Those are the things that lead to high school rest misfortune; the impacts of this misfortune are wrecking. School is one of the most significant things of a youngster's life, regardless of whether the adolescent is eager to let it be known. The young person invests a large portion of their energy either in school or doing schoolwork to advance their training. The weights of school are gigantic. Stress is welcomed on with each undertaking, examination, and article doled out to the understudy. They are compelled to experience heaps of work, attempting to make up for lost time to where they should be, all so as to get passing marks. On numerous events, these understudies will be up late examining, composing, perusing, essentially doing everything except for resting. Rest is put off with the goal that more homework can be fit into the day. Alongside the weight for passing marks comes the strain to take an interest in extra curricular exercises, for example, plays, band, tufts, clubs, and sports. In addition to the fact that teens have to keep up their evaluations, however they should likewise adjust a schedule of school occasions. This can be hard for some with substantial scholastic timetables. They will go through the evening in school, and afterward get back home to have supper and start their schoolwork. Many will be up until three in the first part of the day composing on their PCs, just to rest depleted, and wake up three to four hours after the fact to start the day once more, myself being one of them. With this little measure of rest, numerous youngsters additionally feel the essential requirement for cash and a consistent salary during their high schooler years as a result of weight from guardians an... <! Lack of sleep expositions By further featuring occasions that happen during rest, those that don't occur will all the while be featured on too. People show a stamped flood in development hormone (hGH) creation during the early piece of rest, making it the best characteristic arrival of this hormone more than twenty-four hours (p.121 Horne). Arrival of the substance mostly relies upon internal heat levels during rest. Rest brings a temperature drop and a hormone flood (US News___). In the event that one stays conscious during this crucial time, at that point this flood is missing (Horne_____). As its name shows, hGH has been respected, some time before any relationship with rest as advancing parts of human development particularly in the youngster. This hormone is likely connected to the fairly abnormal fasting state which creates in human rest, and might be an instrument to secure tissue protein against possibly hurtful impacts of this quick, by advancing the bodys activation of its fat stores (Horne_____). As expressed before, human development hormone seems to have a job in urging the body to utilize its fat stores during rest. Glucose levels are as of now low during rest, and the amino corrosive pool isn't abundant. Consequently hGH could be saving the utilization of protein as a vitality source and utilizing fat rather, thus not squandering the present, and significant amino acids. Thus, restless people, who don't encounter this flood in human development hormone, can't as effectively acquire their basic vitality from fats. Obviously they would not have to in the event that they take part in ingestive conduct, for then their amino corrosive pool would be renewed and their blood glucose levels would go up. Lack of sleep for them would not mean a fasting state, as is stay in bed general. Be that as it may, even this thought of hGH advancing fat oxidation has its issues. A dinner eaten not long before rest doesn't have any impact on the ascent in hGH levels, nor does a fake infusion of glucose. (Parker et. Al. 1... <!

The body as artistic and cultural expression Research Paper

The body as creative and social articulation - Research Paper Example From the extraordinary models like punk, to being specific in the shading or structure of the dress one wears-body craftsmanship has as far as anyone knows ordinary and not all that typical appearances. Shildkrout (2001) in the article, Body Art as Visual Language, has uncovered the basic drive behind the utilization of body as a masterful and social articulation, â€Å"if the motivation to make craftsmanship is one of the characterizing indications of humankind, the body may well have been the first canvas† (pp.1). Body painting, make up, body forming, hair styling, scarification, inking, penetrating, and sprucing up in garments establish the far reaching sort of body workmanship. The useful part of body workmanship has been portrayed as supporting â€Å"to rebel, to follow design, or to play and test with new identities† (Shildkrout, 2001, pp.2). Aside from this useful viewpoint, the utilization of body as a beginning stage in masterful articulation has gone rather un explored. This article visualizes discovering the association between body craftsmanship and aesthetic articulation and surmises that the resistance part of body workmanship motivates imaginative articulations while the custom viewpoint squares it. On the off chance that we consider every sort of body workmanship independently, it very well may be seen that various implications are related with various types of body craftsmanship. For instance, body painting can improve the magnificence, bestow a perfect face, give assurance, disguise and set up a gathering personality. Thus, make up has the capacity of expanding visual intrigue, giving a bogus character or hiding the first one, just as building up power and status. Hair styling additionally can improve magnificence bid, set up a gathering personality or envision insubordination. Body molding ranges from the crude act of skull forming to the cutting edge plastic medical procedure, all of which again has different functionalities. Sc arification, inking and penetrating have more to do with bunch character and disobedience. Be that as it may, there are additionally less obvious employments of body craftsmanship like the utilization of penetrating as a strict custom and the utilization of make up to pass on arranged importance as in Kabuki theater (Shildkrout, 2001, pp.2-4). Body craftsmanship has a considerable number of activities with our regular daily existences and it is this viewpoint that lights up the story of Meeta Kaur in her self-portraying article, Journey By Inner Light (2006). Here, the fundamental feelings related with body workmanship are talked about, which is after about being glad and substance about one’s own self. Kaur (2006) has begun her paper by depicting the excellence of her mother’s hair, the great consideration that her mom gives it and the disregarding of this convention to herself (pp.39). This is an away from of how masterful articulation is apparent in our regular day to day existences. As the account advances, the peruser become mindful of the social personality that is related with long hair, for Kaur’s mother and herself (2006, pp.40). Kaur’s being a vagrant family from India to America, she accepts that her mother’s long hair is â€Å"an loyalty to a homeland† (2006, pp.40). Kaur (2006) likewise has commented that her mother’s hair â€Å" is a light that gives a feeling of spot and home between any outskirts, on any dirt, regardless of whether she is in India, America, or some other country† (pp.40). It tends to be seen that in this occasion, body craftsmanship as basic as keeping up one’s hair long has an implying that is profound established in custom. The second experience of Kaur (2006) with body craftsmanship is the point at which she returns to India, and in a comic book, sees the image of â€Å"the ninth Sikh Guru, Tegh Bahadur, [†¦] (in) a naval force blue turban and a brilliant r obe and [†¦] (having) a long sleek beard† discussing strict opportunity (pp.41). This visual likewise reminds how body workmanship can confer extraordinary status to a person’s appearance. The â€Å"

The History of the Phrase Double Coincidence of Wants

The History of the Phrase Double Coincidence of Wants Bargain economies relyâ on exchanging accomplices with commonly useful requirements to consent to bargains. For instance, Farmer A might have a profitable henhouse yet no dairy cow while Farmer B has a few dairy cows yet no henhouse. The two ranchers may consent to a normal trade of such huge numbers of eggs for so much milk. Financial specialists allude to this as a twofold fortuitous event of needs twofold in light of the fact that there are two gatherings and an incident of needs on the grounds that the two gatherings have commonly gainful needs that coordinate impeccably. W.S. Jevons, a nineteenth century English financial analyst, begat the term and clarified that it is an intrinsic blemish in bartering:Â The first trouble in deal is to discover two people whose expendable belongings commonly suit every others needs. There might be numerous individuals needing, and many having those things needed; yet to allowâ ofâ an demonstration of bargain there must be a twofold fortuitous event, which will once in a while occur. The twofold occurrence of needs is additionally in some cases alluded to as the double fortuitous event of needs. Specialty Markets Complicate Trades While it may be moderately simple to discover exchange accomplices for staples like milk and eggs, huge and complex economies are brimming with specialty items. AmosWEB offers the case of somebody who delivers aesthetically structured umbrella stands. The market for such umbrella stands likely is restricted, and so as to bargain with one of those stands, the craftsman first needs to discover somebody who needs one and afterward trust that the individual has something of equivalent worth the craftsman would acknowledge consequently. Cash As a Solution Jevons point is pertinent in financial matters on the grounds that the organization of fiat cash gives a more adaptable way to deal with exchange than deal. Fiat cash is paper money alloted esteem by an administration. The United States, for instance, perceives the U.S. dollar as its type of cash, and it is acknowledged as legitimate delicate all through the nation and even all through the world. By utilizing cash, the requirement for a twofold fortuitous event is killed. Merchants need just discover somebody ready to purchase their item, and there never again is a requirement for the purchaser to sell unequivocally what the first vender needs. For instance, the craftsman selling umbrella stands in AmosWEBs model may truly require another arrangement of paintbrushes. By tolerating cash she never again is restricted to exchanging her umbrellaâ stands just to those contribution paintbrushes consequently. She can utilize the cash she gets from offering an umbrella remain to purchase the paintbrushes she needs. Sparing Time One of the most noteworthy advantages to utilizing cash is that it spares time. Again utilizing the umbrella stand craftsman for instance, she no longer needs to utilize her an opportunity to discover such accurately coordinated exchanging accomplices. She rather can utilize that opportunity to deliver increasingly umbrella stands or different items highlighting her plans, hence making her progressively profitable. Time likewise assumes a significant job in the estimation of cash, as indicated by financial expert Arnold Kling. Some portion of what gives cash its worth is that its worth holds up after some time. The umbrella craftsman, for instance, doesn't quickly need to utilize the cash she wins so as to purchase paintbrushes or whatever else it is she may need or need. She can clutch that cash until she needs or needs to spend it, and its worth ought to be significantly the equivalent. Catalog Jevons, W.S. Cash and the Mechanism of Exchange. London: Macmillan, 1875.

Expropiation of Assets in Venezuela Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Expropiation of Assets in Venezuela - Essay Example The lawful meaning of seizure is the removing of private property for the legislature for open use in the more prominent enthusiasm of people in general. Any imperative industry could be dependent upon confiscation at whatever point the administration sees it fit to do as such yet this move is likewise exceptionally dubious since it runs against the holiness and insurance of private property. It contradicts a monetary rule that business ventures is better left to speculators and that administration's business is to help and avoid the method of business endeavors. It is consistently a subject of conflict due to another issue, which is simply remuneration. Private property could be removed forcibly of government proclamation, without or almost no type of only remuneration to the past proprietors. The subject of legitimate and right valuation is additionally an intense issue during seizure as the speculators need to recover their cash. The necessary seizure of private property could be applied to any property or to an industry considered as essential to the national interests. The state has consistently practiced three significant forces for it to oversee adequately: police power, the ability to force charges and the intensity of unavoidable area. The last relates to one side of the administration to remove any property in the more prominent enthusiasm of open advantage, for example, removing exclusive land to grow a street arrange, for instance, or power individuals to move to an alternate area as a result of plans to make a dam and the spot would before long be submerged. It is done all for the sake of monetary advancement or for open wellbeing. Be that as it may, on account of confiscation, it is a completely unique issue by and large. This paper contends that seizure is unmistakably an off-base advance. Conversation There are occasions when seizure is supported, for example, during wartime condition in which th e administration needs to act rapidly in the exigency of the circumstance. For this situation, it is plainly legitimate to do so in light of the fact that the national intrigue is in question. Inability to act would be what might be compared to net carelessness or the resignation to play out an open and urban obligation. History is additionally loaded with cases in which confiscation occurred with the vast majority of them falling under this legitimate arrangement of ensuring the national enthusiasm for the more noteworthy open great. An industry considered as imperative to the national premiums', for example, the vehicle business, the mining business, the interchanges business or the wellbeing business could be seized however a transition to do so should be advocated to general society and to the contributing network. Any seizure will doubtlessly send shudders to speculators who currently would mull over submitting their cash. The contrast between the intensity of up and coming are a and seizure, when it is practiced by the legislature, is that the previous is viewed as legal while the last is unlawful. The principal case includes a specific procedure to be followed, for example, appropriate warning of the gathering in question and accommodating just pay. The subsequent occurrence is frequently unexpected and doesn't require the administration to legitimize its activities of seizing private properties. As it were, it is basically only a demonstration of reallocation and seizure by the administration. At the point when individuals began living in sorted out society, there is an understood understanding in the individuals surrendering certain rights for the State for the privilege of being government by that State for their advantage. This is fundamental on the grounds that without this implicit understanding, social orders would be disordered as nobody will have the option to uphold laws intended for a systematic presence. Be that as it may, there are likewise restrains forced on the State and one of the most holy standards in the cutting edge society is the option to claim private property. It is constantly secured by the laws of any country. Seizure is disputable in the sense

Comparing A Lady of the Letters and Bed Amoung the lentils Essay Example For Students

Looking at A Lady of the Letters and Bed Amoung the lentils Essay A Lady of Letters and Bed Among the Lentils are monologs around two forlorn characters in the late twentieth Century. Miss Ruddock is a conventional moderately aged lady who has a fixation to compose letters of grumbling so it handled her in a tough situation. Susan is the courageous woman in Bed Among the Lentils, she is a vicars spouse and a heavy drinker. Susan lives in a cold marriage and firmly can't help contradicting the job of the vicars spouse; she needs love and consideration from her significant other. Susan in disappointed with sex in her marriage uncommon and dried up conjunctions that happen among Geoffrey and me and abhors Geoffreys fun club and his aspiration and vocation. Then again Geoffrey covers for her yet everybody knows that she is a someone who is addicted. Susan isn't strict and questions that even her better half is a genuine devotee. Everybody in the ward disregards her, even the religious administrator alludes to her as Mrs Vicar. Being an untouchable she floated to liquor abuse and later to infidelity. She even bombed her own vision of her mature age however pardoned herself with coming up short on the disposition. It is indistinct why Susan begun an issue, was it to give just desserts to Geoffrey or absence of sex or even simply out of intoxication? She found sexual fulfillment and even gave some interest in Mr Rameshs religion which may imply that she can't help contradicting the essential of Christianity. Susan does offer odd remarks about Jesus You never observe image of Jesus grinning, isn't that right? It appears that she is scanning for a reason to drink and Mrs Shrubsole is on a par with any. Clearly that she is caught and incapable to discover way out, drinking and the undertaking are just additional load on her. The enlivening point is when Mr Ramesh proposed that it is ideal to attempt sex while she is calm. Susan joins AA. Before long there is a change in her external appearance yet inside she become considerably increasingly secluded. Mr Ramesh is gone and Geoffrey is utilizing Susan and her battle with the habit as his accomplishment planning to accelerate his vocation. Susan woun d up more terrible than toward the start. Miss Ruddock is a watchman of neighborhood network, composing grumblings to everybody about everything. She is exceptionally customary and bias levels a bigot. Irene doesn't intend to be ruinous yet being an eavesdropper she made some off-base allegations and wound up in jail. She cared for her mom until her demise and remained single since. Irene is a virgin and doesn't show any enthusiasm for men or sex. She is vainglorious I never said she could call me Irene. She has a little contact with individuals, even doesn't have the foggiest idea how to swear. Her habitual composing is her approach to be a piece of society, her solitary contact with outside world. She can not come the advancement, seeing that police officers wearsâ glasses or that neighbors don't have drapes makes her an outcast. Deplorable obstruction about the youngster over the street and revealing about a cops investing energy at No.56 handled her in jail. Incidentally she finds an opportunity in the jail This is the first taste of opportunity Ive had in quite a while. Irene should be required and helping Bridget to manage executing she has on soul gives Irene joy. Here and there she is an amusing and intriguing character, the most joyful of the all Talking Heads. Irene changes her circumstance while Susan remained caught. Susan is insubordinate and had strife with herself as well; Irene simply can not help however determines her opinion of everything that goes in her road yet entice to hop to end. We feel frustrated about Susan on the grounds that as she said she wound up with two holy places, tragically she couldn't break free. Irene has upbeat consummation even she is in jail however she wound up there. .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa , .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa .postImageUrl , .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa , .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa:hover , .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa:visited , .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa:active { border:0!important; } .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa:active , .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa:hover { mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua11dc809b01d752a 91fa5994a0729caa .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua11dc809b01d752a91fa5994a0729caa:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Analytical Discussion of Cold Mountain by Charles Frazier EssayMonologues discloses to us increasingly about the characters then they need to tell yet it is additionally an uneven story, different characters may be totally extraordinary. Clearly Bennett has some conflict with chapel, police and social administrations, his monologs obviously shows an investigate about them. He utilizes basic however attractive words to give exceptionally solid explanations, he realizes how to portray considerations of desolate and even intellectually upset character. Bennett is splendid and has solid describing aptitudes, the grievous comic Talking Heads are brimming with incongruity yet it gives us how much segregation there was in late 80s. Unfortunately there is much more these days.

Waiting to Hear From Your Dream School

Waiting to Hear From Your Dream School You did everything as requested on the application, and now you’re waiting to hear the decision (which for you is next week!). For me, this is my second time crossing this bridge, only with MFA grad school applications. I’ve got a month and a half to go before decisions go out, so I feel like I’m in  the same boat as the rest of you again! To be honest, the anxiety never really goes away until you’re breaking the seal off an envelope of sitting in front of a computer clicking the link to unveil your decision. But I’ve found some coping mechanisms that work, as well as some things that simply don’t help with the pressure. Your dream school is already making some noise. Check out their admissions website. I did so with some of the grad schools I applied for, and while I found a lot of local events going on, it gave me a better idea of what to expect if I’m chosen for  that creative writing program. While it might seem like you’re getting your hopes up again, you’re really just digging up more reasons to go thereâ€"and that can help when you’ve got a running list of schools to choose from cause you know you’re so great ;). Talk about it with parents/friends. It takes the pressure off to chat about how highly competitive some schools are with your best friend (mine is also in the creative arts field). To know that you’re going to be OK with or without the acceptance to a school means you’re going to find the route best for you someday. Or, you know, pretend there’s something caught in your eye and belt a good one out. It helps to admit you’re a bit anxious. Don’t celebrate too early. So what if I’m looking into the schools colors? It’s honestly not a big deal! Just don’t get caught up in thinking it’s time to celebrate just yet in case things don’t go as planned. I’m waiting for my congratulatory graduate dinner with friends and family once I have a few admission acceptances down, and then I’ll go ham with the confetti. Share your hype on social media. OK, maybe you shouldn’t beg for admission to your dream school on Twitter, but you should see what the school is up to on social media and share your feelings of excitement as the countdown begins! I got a button sent to me by mail from one of my grad schools for joining a Google Hangout hosted by admission counselors, and that made me feel special. I hope this helps you feel confident with whatever happens this coming  week, and to know you’re awesome just for  reading this.  Have a good weekend! Jenny Class of 2016 I'm majoring in Creative Writing in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I'm from the north side of Chicago, an artsy neighborhood along the lakefront called Andersonville. I plan to pursue a low-residency MFA program in Fiction Writing with the hope of becoming a published author.

Proposal for Online Business Expansion - Free Essay Example

Proposal for Online Business Expansion A1. Viability of Product Glace De La Mode is a jewelry boutique located in the heart of Short Hills, NJ owned by three sisters Jenna (jeweler), Stacy (jeweler and designer) and Vicky (handles all business related tasks). Glace De La Mode was established to provide premium looking jewelry at a low cost. The company has been around for more than fifty years and has a great customer base and revenue increases year after year. Glace De La Mode began as a fashion jewelry boutique specializing in what is known as costume jewelry made from non-precious metals. Over the years the company has expanded to include fine jewelry, clutches and small handbags and customized electronic accessories. All the products are manufactured locally by Grace De La Mode. For their shoe collection they have partnered with a shoe designer and manufacture located in the New York City. The company currently has a Facebook page with the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s demographics and pictures of items in the store and special promotions. The boutique has many customers in the tri-state area of Philadelphia, New York and Connecticut. The sisters have experienced great success and are constantly receiving requests on their Facebook page about online ordering, which they do not currently have. Their success however d oes not warrant a new location currently an online business expansion is a better alternative. There are advantages and disadvantages with launching an online store for Glace De La Mode for example advantages include: Reaching more customers the company has a large client base with many returning and loyal consumers and have begun to reach customers out of state. The website would generate new clients without the cost of a new boutique. Online buying both new and current customers can benefit from the ability to make purchases online at any time. The disadvantages include: Over exposure all the productions are locally manufactured by a small staff. Large orders may be difficult to fulfill at a speedy rate. Shipping cost the cost of shipping will be an added expense. Until the company has a great online presence and success they will have to take the responsibility shipping their items. Extra expenses new employees may need to be hired to properly manage the online website, create policies that protect the interest of the company and provide customer support A2. Current Online Competition The mission of Glace De La Mode is to create jewelry that compare to Lorraine Schwartz and Neil Lane in style but not in price. Current trends in jewelry usually come from the fashion runways during fashion week as popular red carpets such as the Academy Awards and the Grammyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s; and are featured in fashion magazines such as Glamour, Elle and Vogue. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Gold jewelry demand in 2013 saw the largest volume increase since 1997 as consumers across the globe reacted to lower gold pricesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Demarco, 2014) The current trends in jewelry are gold and statement necklaces. The price of gold had declined making and many designers are using them in their jewelry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rarer than diamonds yet cheaper, emeralds, rubies, and sapphires are gaining favor just as sales for diamonds are beginning to show weakness.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Biesheuvel, 2012) Diamonds are will always be valued however colored gems are becoming more popular and preferred over diamonds as evident of the success of Glace De La Mode and its competitors Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, Icing and Julietteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Jewels. Like Glace De La Mode all three competitors specialized in fashion jewelry and expanded their collections to include other accessories. Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is the largest of the three competitors; it is an international company with over two thousand stores. Clairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s target group is teenage girls and offers jewelry, accessories and beauty products. Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s has integrated several social media sites including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest into their website. Icons for the sites are located on the bottom of the website page, making them visible only if you scroll down the page. Social media is used to promote sales and company products as well as receive customer feedback and on several customer posts you can see Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responses to questions and comments. Customers are featured in many pictures modeling company products. Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s use social media to keep their clients up to date with fashion trends. It is clear is who is the targeted group of consumers for Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Creating an account is optional and is made si mple by signing in through Facebook or signing up using personal email. Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offers a variety of payment options when ordering online including PayPal, Virtual Piggy, credit card (Visa, Master Card, Amex and Discover) and Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gift card. Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offer 24 hour customer service support via phone or email. (Information about Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s taken from www.clairestores.com ) 2. Julietteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Jewels Julietteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Jewels can be closely compared to Glace De La Mode for many reasons. Julietteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Jewels is located in Glassboro, New Jersey and started as an online store and later opening a storefront. Like Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and Glace De La Mode Julietteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Jewels offer fashion jewelry as well as clothes and giftware. Julietteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Jewels has integrated several social media sites including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest into their website. Icons for the sites are located at the top website and are very visible unlike the placement of Claireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Icons at the bottom. The company started as a jewelry company and expanded. The focus of many of their social media sites appears to be clothes and the target consumer group is women. Social media is used to promote sales and company products as well as receive customer feedback. Julietteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Jewels appears to have close positive relationships with its consumers as evident of many questions and comments being answered publicly on their Facebook page and many à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“likesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . To reach their customer service you can call or submit and form. Creating an account is optional and is made simple by signing up using personal email. Julietteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Jewels offers a variety of payment options when ordering online including PayPal, credit card (Visa, Master Card, and Discover) and money order (must be received be fore shipment). Julietteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Jewels currently do not ship internationally, according to their payment and shipping information page they plan to shop internationally in the future. Expanding within the country physically successfully would be a next venture before going international. (Information about Julietteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Jewels taken from www.juliettesjewels.com ) 3. Lia Sophia Lia Sophia is a unique jewelry company that does not have an online store. Its website and varies social media pages are used to connect consumers to the products and advisors who sell the jewelry and process orders. Lia Sophia features its catalog on mobile platforms iOS and Android; purchases cannot be made online however information is provided on how purchases can be made. Lia Sophia can be coined as the Avon of jewelry. Lia Sophia has integrated several social media sites including Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest into their website. Icons for the sites are located on the b ottom of the website page, making them visible only if you scroll down the page. (Information about Lia Sophia taken from https://www.liasophia.com/regional/home ) A3. Online Marketing Suggestions and Strategies Glace De La Mode designs fashions jewelry, fine jewelry, electronic accessories as well as small handbags. All the jewelry is customizable. Glace De La Mode has a variety of collections both vintage and trendy. Glace De La Mode provides everyday pieces as well as pieces for special occasions such as proms, weddings and formal events. Glace De La Modeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s current customer base consists of women between the ages of 15-35 in the middle class. The target market is women between the ages of 17-45. A great advantage that Glace De La Mode has over its competitors is offering custom made jewelry. They are known for creating special items for bridal parties and birthdays. Glace De La Mode was featured in a top fashion magazine for creating custom jewel encrusted handbags for a brideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bridal party. Offering a better online experience would improve customer experience. Customers would be able to create and/or buy jewelry online without needing to visit the physical store. Three online strategies that Glace De La Mode can use to let customers and potential customers know about the changes in Glace De La Mode is e-mail marketing, display ads and google search top hit. E-mail marketing is cost effective, can be distributed on a large scale and information is passed to quickly to clients. Clients are able to receive the information quickly, change email preferences to avoid preference to their satisfaction and receive special promotions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Q1 2013 North America Email Trends and Benchmarksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  report shows that the email nonbounce rate remains strong, at 96.4 percent, meaning that almost all marketing email is reaching its intended targets.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Minsker, 2013) E-mail mark eting has been proved to be successful and increase the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s client base as well as revenue. It is rare that individuals are without their phone for this reason display ads would be beneficial to the company. Glace De La Modeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s brand would reach large amounts of potential clients and increase the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s branding power as the premier fashion and custom jewelry company. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Branding and direct sales are the reasons why a company pays for online advertising. Branding tries to increase the perceived value of a product/company to the customer; a direct sale advert tries to persuade the consumer to act immediatelyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Brajnik and Gabrielli, 2010) Glace De La Mode currently has a positive reputation and its products are valued, online advertising such as display ads would permeate that image to current and potential clients. Exposure is very important to creating an online presence along with display or banner ads being the top hit on google search engine would generate traffic to Glace De La Modeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s website. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A brand online can even be created by Google itself, through the association created by results in the top three positions on Googles paid and organic results.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Simmons, 2013) Simple terms like fashion jewelry would bring potential clients to Glace De La Modeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s website. Creating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“trafficà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to the website would bring exposure by bringing more customers to the company and confidence to the consumer due to branding. A4. Social Media Integration Social media has become popular in the past ten years. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Social media carries more weight than ever. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s clearly not a fad, or a phase. It continues to grow as a habit, and new platforms continue to appear and develop.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Cooper, 2013) Creating a business page on social media websit es is free and similar to personal pages. Glace De La Mode currently has a Facebook Page and owes a lot of its increased popularity to Facebook. The company uses the website to share new products and promote sales. The company Facebook page can be optimized and can also be used as QA platform; people can ask questions on the page and receive feedback almost immediately. The company can also use Facebook to connect with people nationally, run special contest, update clients on trends and Glace De La Modeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s take on those trends. Instagram is in another popular social media platform that Glace De La Mode can use to promote and market their company. Instagram can be used to share real life photos of the products taken by the company and those taken by actual clients. The target demographic is women between the ages of 17-45 years of age. 74% of women use social media (https://mashable.com/2013/04/12/social-media-demographic-breakdown/). Seven out of ten women use social media; both platforms, Facebook and Instagram, have no cost to create and/or update, provide free marketing and can expand the reach to those clients and may more. References Biesheuvel, T. (2012, November 15). Maybe Diamonds Arent Forever. Bloomberg Business Week. Retrieved March 11, 2014, from https://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-11-15/maybe-diamonds-arent-forever Brajnik, G., Gabrielli, S. (2010). A Review of Online Advertising Effects on the User Experience. International Journal Of Human-Computer Interaction, 26(10), 971-997. doi:10.1080/10447318.2010.502100 Cooper, B. B. (2014, July 16). The Buffer blog: productivity, life hacks, writing, user experience, customer happiness and business. The Buffer blog productivity life hacks writing user experience customer happiness and business. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from https://blog.bufferapp.com/10-surprising-social-media-statistics-that-will-make-you-rethink-your-strategy DeMarco, A. (2014, February 18). Gold Jewelry Is Back In Demand. Forbes. Retrieved March 11, 2014, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonydemarco/2014/02/18/gold-jewelry-is-back-in-demand/ Lewandowski, D., SÃÆ' ¼nkler, S. (2013). Designing search engine retrieval effectiveness tests with RAT. Information Services Use, 33(1), 53-59. doi:10.3233/ISU-130691 Minsker, M. (2013). Marketing Email Open Rates Jump. CRM Magazine, 17(10), 17. Simmons, G. (2013, August 27). Ten Tips to the Top of Google. Search Engine Watch. Retrieved March 11, 2014, from https://searchenginewatch.com/article/2066301/Ten-Tips-to-the-Top-of-Google

Children s Rights Or Discipline - 2120 Words

Children’s Rights or Discipline? It is a Monday morning and a bit chaotic in your house as your children and yourself rush to get ready to leave for work and school. On reaching the school, there are students gathered in groups outside the school and you wonder what is wrong. Upon inquiring from your children what is going on, they say students are protesting about the principal being too harsh on them. Shaking your head in disbelief, they say their goodbyes and leave. All the way to work, your minds keep wondering what is wrong with the children of today. sharing it with your colleague about the incident hoping they will concur with your idea of students need to focus on learning and not about somebody being harsh on them. However, your colleague reminds you about children’s rights and they deserve to be heard. Moreover, your colleague tells you that it is a new century and not the stone age days when kids did not know their right. Before long, a test message from your children schools tells you to go pick y our son because he has been suspended for two weeks. Many parents have found themselves in this kind of situation. After much thoughts, it dawns on you, with so much indiscipline and unrest in schools, corporal punishment should be reinstated in schools. Corporal punishment has been a way of administering discipline from time immemorial. What we need to understand is that although discipline comes natural to some children, in others it has to be instilled to them.Show MoreRelatedCorporal Punishment in the Private and Public Sphere in South Africa1190 Words   |  5 Pagesprivate sphere. Corporal punishment on children in the private sphere is administered by parents. It is still legally accepted in South Africa, provided that the requirements are met. Parents know their children best and have the authority to discipline their children in such a way as to benefit the child in the future. They are equipping the child with the necessary manners, morals and good character which will be essential for a bright future. The public sphere’s s position is much different in theRead MoreWhy Spanking Children Is Wrong1453 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Spanking Children is Wrong Parents have been spanking their children for hundreds of years, but recently this practice has come into question. The concern is not regarding the effectiveness of spanking but the correctness of spanking. Parents should not be allowed to strike their children. Child abuse is defined as any unnecessary or intentional physical or emotional or sexual mistreatment of children. Spanking is not the only method of child discipline. Spanking is not even the most effectiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Abuse On Children s Lives1580 Words   |  7 Pagestoddler that barely knows right from wrong. More action should be taken to prohibit more disruption in children s lives. Physical abuse can leave numerous of careless scars on the body which can lead to permanent damage. Parenting is everything to the development of a child’s life especially as they grow, learning what they are taught from home, school, and every day surroundings. When it comes to discipline many people are subjective towards where the line is drawn. Discipline easily becomes abuse whenRead MoreIs Discipline A Child Abuse?969 Words   |  4 PagesIs Discipline Child Abuse? What does the word child abuse mean in your own words? Some people believe child abuse includes neglect, punishment, physical or emotional maltreatment. Child abuse is all over the world. Every day a child is either abused or neglected. Since the late 1900’s child abuse was commonly used in the United States (Gale). Now it is slowly coming to its ending point. Since 1992, only two states, Delaware and Oklahoma, have experienced consistent increases today. Is disciplineRead MoreIs Canada A Multicultural Country?1182 Words   |  5 Pagesraising children is one of our basic human rights, or is it? What is the correct way to raise a child? Who gets to decide whether or not it is being done appropriately? Should a parent have the freedom to instill their family s values on their own children, or should the current government dictate the values we pass generationally down to our offspring? Opinions on this topic are innumerable. Canada is a multicultural country, by its very na ture we will have diversity in the way our children are raisedRead MoreCorporal Punishment Is A Discipline Method1650 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to criminal law, â€Å"Spanking, also called corporal punishment, is a discipline method in which a person inflicts pain on a child without inflicting injury and with the intent to modify the child’s behavior. Forms of corporal punishment include hitting a child’s bottom, slapping, grabbing, shoving, or hitting a child with a belt or paddle† (Mince-Didier). Supposedly people against spanking define it broadly so that it can be easily be connected to child abuse. People who support spanking tendRead MoreDiscipline And Its Effect On Children1693 Words   |  7 PagesDiscipline is an act by which children learn standards of acceptable behavior and repercussions that they can apply towards greater independence. Although verbal discipline is generally recognized as being more appropriate for children, it may also carry emotionally damaging effects if practiced irresponsibly. Physical discipline is seen to be an unacceptable solution, because of the physical and emotional risks to the child. The goal of effective discipline is to ensure acceptable and appropriateRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Disciplining Children1238 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This essay will provide a discussion on the advantages and the disadvantages of disciplining children. The first part of the essay begins by elaborating on the disadvantages of disciplining children. These disadvantages include establishment of anxiety and fear, emotional fallout and rebellious behavior. The second part of the essay provides arguments on the advantages of disciplining children. Justification includes the advantages of, development of a child’s character, learning from the consequencesRead MoreCorporal Punishment with Respect to the Private and Public Sphere1187 Words   |  5 Pagescommon-law between corporal punishment in the public sphere and in the private sphere. Corporal punishment on children in the private sphere is administered by parents. 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Impacts Of Project Management On Mergers And Acquisition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 4048 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s complex and competitive global business environment, organizations must adapt to changing environmental conditions by continuously initiating changes in order to remain competitive and profitable. These changes occurs when organizations undertake such changes as implementation new technologies, mergers or acquisition, downsizing, restructuring operations, and outsourcing. During these changes if companies implement programmes like six-sigma or business process improvement then according to Hayes(2002), these changes are usually prompted by a need to maintain or improve an organization effectiveness where effectiveness relates to the organizations ability to use recourse efficiently to achieve immediate goals as well as embracing the need to changing conditions to be to remain efficient over the long term (Carnell, 1999). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impacts Of Project Management On Mergers And Acquisition" essay for you Create order According to France, Harrington and Marguire (1987), improving an organization effectiveness has important consequences for its overall corporate performance. Despite the available of a number of models to aid the successful diagnosis and implementation of change effort, Beer and Nohria (2000,p.88) claims that 70% of all changes initiates fail because managers immerse themselves in an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"alphabet soup of initiativesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ without fully understanding the nature and process of corporate change. Therefore there is organization growth is very much important to understand how changes occur so that they can better manage the change process to improve their organizational effectiveness. Rationale of Research The benefits of this importance of this research help us to understand the impact of change management. Merger and acquisition are very much frequent nowadays. Everyone passes Merger and acquisition either themselves working in an organization or someone who is working or owning shares in the firm or merged with another organization. When firms merges between two organizations under takes changes. This change can be in positive or may be the other side of suffering. This motives has been studies previously in the financial sectors, however it frequently linked with the acquisition and merging process. Based on a literature review it has been said that there are two main types of motives for mergers and acquisition. First motive reason is the financial reason, such as increasing the overall performance and creating value for shareholder. Second reason is the non value maximizing managerially based motive. Recently due the economic situation, cross borders Mergers and Acquis ition activities have risen significantly. Countries in the Europe are very much involved in the Mergers and Acquisition market. The acquisition motive is therefore often linked to acquisition and integration strategies and outcome in the research. Hence it is important to know and understand the process of acquisitions and help to make it more effective in order to gain extra benefits arising of it. Mainly to review the different kinds of product and processes these two companies has and find the positives for a final decision. This research explains the impact of project management merging acquisition between GE Money and Banco Santander. This comparison review answers the importance of integration process in making the acquisition more effective. Limitation of Research When analysis the Acquisition project we need to remember one key fact that the process actually is long drawn out and can take months or years to be completed. The organizational change takes places and this can be sure when the change will be effective for the organizations. Hence due to time constraints, it was not possible for this study to look at any particular Acquisition deal across its lifecycle. To analyse this research I have relied on information got through sources like, management team meeting, financial books and reports. CHAPTER 2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Aim The aim of the research to find out the impact of project management on mergers and acquisitions. This aim is to organize and review the relevant literature on organizational change. Objectives Primary To study the impact of Project management on Mergers and Acquisitions. Secondary To understand the importance of Project management on Mergers and Acquisition. To understand the importance of the integration in the Acquisition. To study the importance and need of Project management tools and techniques on the process of Integration. To analyse the success on implementation of Project management approach in mergers and acquisitions. CHAPTER 3 OUTLINE OF RESEARCH LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1 Definition of Mergers and Acquisition Many authors have explained and written several definitions about merging and acquisitions, some of them are mentioned below. According to Joseph (2008), Change management is a loosely defined term that refers to a broad array of activities and initiatives that occurs in the workplace. As such in order of effective, a change management program must integrate those programs elements that address any of the variety of elements, communication, training, testing, program planning, market analysis and implementation of new policies and procedures. According to Gaughan (1996), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A merger is a combination of two corporations in which only one corporation survives and the merged corporation goes out of existenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (1). He explained that according to merger the acquiring company assumes the assets and liabilities of the merged company. A statutory merger differs from a subsidiary merger, which is a merger of two companies in which the target company becomes a subsidiary or part of a subsidiary of the parent company. Gaughan also states that a merger differs from a consolidation which is a business combination where two or more company joins to form a new company. In this all combining companies get dissolved and new company is formed. For E.g.: There are two companies. Company A and Company B, where B is merged with A. In a consolidation (Company A + Company B = Company C). In this Company C is entirely a new company. There are differences between the terms merger and acquisition, however many terms between mergers and acquisition are interchangeable. According to Sudarsanam (2003), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In a merger, the corporations come together to combine and share their resources to achieve common objectives. The shareholders of the combining firms often remain as joint owners of the combined entity.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (2) Pearson (1989), An acquisition profile is a written documentation of description of the importance features required in a company to be acquired. This profile is a valuable aid and should be signed off by the senior management team (Board of Directors), to authorise work to proceed. Both the companies are adequate to give a description which will focus the search for the suitable companies, which means that the company which fall out of the acquisition profile will be rejected with a minimum of time and effort. (3) According to Sudarsanam (2003), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“An acquisition resembles more of an armà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s length deal, with one firm purchasing the assets or shares of another, and with the acquired firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shareholders ceasing to be owners of that firm.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 3.2 Types of Mergers Merger and Acquisition is depends on the particular company to which it target company is acquired. An organization or company will try to merge or acquire only when it has come to a stage of expand its operation to make it growth internal strength. The company aims to have its position stabilized under business growth, finance, and be a leader in the market. According to Neirinckx (1999) he explains this in detail three types of mergers and acquisition. 3.2.1 Horizontal Mergers Acquisition The best acquisition of this type tends to be companies, which have a high quality product line and are trading in market where the acquirer is also present. The horizontal acquisition allows rationalism and thus allows an improved cash flow. Horizontal acquisition are however not a guarantee for success. One of the variables which need to be considered whether one major acquisition is desirable or whether a series of smaller ones is preferred. Sequential acquisition of smaller companies tend to be more successful because the digestion of a very large acquisition is complex and entails a lot of dangers, such as integrating two potential different cultures into one. The main reason of these mergers in to obtain economy in sales production. These mergers results in reduce of firms in an industry, due to which such mergers types becomes easier for the industry to join together for monopoly gain or profit. Example: In 1998 Merging and acquisition which took place Exxon and Mob il which can be considered as a typical example for horizontal mergers and acquisition 3.2.2 Vertical Mergers Acquisition A company proceed in a vertical merger when ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s usually seeks to merger with another company to takeover another company especially to expand its operations by the process of integration. Organizations integrate vertically between different stages due to reasons like improves planning for inventory and production, technological economies, reconciliation of divergent interests of parties to a transaction, elimination of transaction costs, etc. Vertical acquisition have a very bad reputation and while many companies are actually reducing their vertical integration. Example: In 1993 a Merging and acquisition took place between Merck and Medco in the pharmaceutical Industry. 3.2.3 Concentric Mergers Acquisition According to Neirinckx, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Typically this means the acquisition of companies in business areas which are connected to the core business.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? This happens when the company feels strong in its basis of technologies distribution or marketing. Companies engage in concentric merging and acquisition tends to make a limited line of products and are very strong in one of the business segments. This happens in slow growing firms and is being used by companies which occupy a rather narrow segment of a widely spread firm and took for higher profit margin in other firms. 3.2.4 Conglomerate Mergers Acquisition à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Conglomerates are group of companies that operate in widely diverse industry.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Coyle, 2000 p 22). According to John C. Narver à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The definitions of conglomerate mergers in the report referred to little or no discernible relationship between acquiring and acquired firm.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? According Guaghan (1996 p. 7), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A conglomerate merger occurs when the companies are not competitors and do not have a buyer- seller relationship.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? This conglomerate mergers Acquisition can be distinguished between two types. Financial Conglomerates Managerial Conglomerates 3.3 Motives of Mergers According to Hilda, (2000), the motives behind mergers are complex. Freidrich Trautwein was one of the researchers to attempt to make sense of the various theories extended to explain the allure of mergers. Freidrich Trautwein identified seven theories and looking at examples of organizations espousing that motive, investigated evidence of that motive and plausibility of the theory. The theories Freidrich Trautwein examined were:- Efficiency Monopoly Valuation Empire Building Process Raider Disturbance Stephen Wernet and Sandra Jones suggest that there is a difference in motive between for profit and non- profit companies. In the profit sector mergers are understood from the perspective of the purchaser not the acquired firm, and occur as a strategy for growth and expansion. In the nonprofit sector, resource scarcity and environmental uncertainty motivate mergers. 3.4 Defining an Acquisition Profile Acquisition profile needs to be described with quantitative and qualitative features which are very much important to the acquiring company. Pearson (1989) explains the content of an acquisition profile must have a description of the acquisition project. The profile has been explained below according to him. (4) 3.2.1 Market segment, Product and Services 3.2.2 Commercial Rationale 3.2.3 Maximum Cash Available For Acquisition 3.2.4 Maximum Total Purchase consideration 3.2.5 Minimum Size 3.2.6 Minimum Profitability 3.2.7 Management Style 3.2.8 Location 3.2.9 Key Requirements for Success 3.2.10 Financial Returns to be achieved 3.5 Overseas Acquisition Overseas acquisition is not as normal as acquisition of companies within the same countries. Lets study the more about overseas acquisition. Pearson, (1989). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Acquiring a company overseas needs proper research and analysis at the outset. It could prove to be an expensive ego trip. An overseas acquisition should be demonstrably relevant to defined corporate objectives and strategyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. If there is a depression in the home market, however the same business may find growth in the overseas market. Overseas growth may provide the opportunity to develop the business. According to Pearson, Politically a business which is multinational is less vulnerable to threats such as nationalization. There are risks involved the overseas acquisition such as customer resistance to overseas owned companies, different culture, language difficulties and local regulation rule. It is important that the acquiring company need to examine where to extend it business and also selec ting the country under business development and profitability. 3.6 Selecting the Country The country for acquisition must be chosen before an acquisition profile. This involves in market research and some key factors. According to Pearson, there are five key factors for selecting the country for acquisition. The key factors are mention and explained below in detail. 3.6.1 Political Stability 3.6.2 Cultural and Social Background 3.6.3 Economic Environment 3.6.4 Legal Requirement 3.6.5 Taxation and Repatriation of Funds 3.6.1 Political Stability The political stability depends on the payback time for an overseas investment. This is like setting up a company in the rented premises and then the packback period would be less than two years. For an acquisition the time period is much longer. There are political instability like civil unrest, national strike and local wars. Political stability for many countries will be ruled out on this factor. 3.6.2 Cultural and Social Background Pearson, (1989), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It is important that the country accepts overseas ownership of business, a ownership the implications of capitalism involvedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Foreign investors are treated differently than home investors. In some countries they offer valuable incentives where as other side discriminate against foreign ownership. The education standard, communication and services need to be adequate to support the business and management style. The health and safety hazard need to checked. In some countries, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s not safe for executives and family lifestyle due to many kidnapping and unacceptable threat of violence. Precautions and insurance for personal safety may be required. Business culture and ethics varies from country to country. In some countries it may be not possible to run the business effectively without paying bride to get things approved. 3.6.3 Economic Environment According to Pearson, the ideal country will combine the prospect of good growth in the relevant market sector and acceptable levels of inflation with a relatively stable currency. The economic growth in some country may be poor, however in some markets will still open doors for attractive investment opportunity. 3.6.4 Legal Requirements Government approval is required to complete an acquisition. Anti trust and monopoly issues legislation may exist. Local advisers are needed to complete a course to meet the legal requirement of the country. In acquisition there will be need to meet the local requirements and these are known as outset. Adding to Anti trust rules and regulations there will be exchange control regulation, Law of employment and other legal laws which is required. 3.6.5 Taxation and Repatriation of Funds Investment in an overseas acquisition need to be evaluated for net of taxes. Taxation rate, tariff, incentives double taxation agreement and withhold taxation must be taken in to account. Fund that are invested in the net of taxation, it is not necessary to achieve an acceptable rate of return. The rule for repatriation of profits and capital should provide adequate scope for funds movements. As per the above factor a satisfactory country should always be possible. It is very much important to check that enough suitable potential acquisition companies exist and the purchase price, company expectations are to be acceptable. 3.7 Reason for Merging and Acquisition According to Gaughan, there are several reasons and motives that firm might engage in merging and acquisition. Out of all motives and reason one of the main motives is expansion. Acquiring a company in a business line or geographic area where the company may want to expand can be quicker than internal expansion. Acquisition of a company may provide certain synergistic benefits for the acquirer, such as two lines of business complement one another. An acquisition can also be a part of diversification process that allows the company to move into a different line of business. When firms get engaged in merging and acquisition for the motive of expansion, the cite potential gain as one of the reason for the transaction. Financial factor motivates some merging and acquisition. For E.g., An acquirerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial analysis may reveal that the target is undervalued, which is the value of the buyer may be significantly in excess of the market value of the target. Even when a premium that is normally associated with changes in control is always added to the acquisition price. Apart from this tax motivation also plays a major role in acquisition. 3.8 Definition of Project Management According to James P Lewis, he defines project management as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“application of knowledge skills tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Project management is accomplished through the application and integration of the project management processes of initiating, planning , executing, monitoring, controlling and closing. According to Timothy J. Kloppenborg, Arthur Shriberg, Jayashree Venkatraman, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A project is a temporaray endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Project management is the application of skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements, which in turns requires project management to understand to project objectives, limitations, lifecycle and roles of the participants. 3.9 What is Project Management? Project management is a set of principles, method, and techniques that people use to effectively plan and control project work. It established a sound basis for effective planning, scheduling, resourcing, decision-making, controlling and replanning. Project management principle and techniques help complete projects on scheduled, within budget and in full accordance with project specifications. At the same time, they help achieve the other goals of the organization, such as productivity, quality and cost effectiveness. The objective of project management is to optimize project cost, time and quality. 3.10 Importance of Project Management In this world many people become project with knowing the meaning of projects. Someone assign them to manage a project because of their areas of expertise, not because they have received any by accident, it will become a disaster. Learning project management skills can help you complete projects on time, on budgets and on targets. The discipline of project management includes proven strategies for clarifying projects objectives, avoiding serious errors of omissions and eliminating costly mistakes. It also addresses the necessary people skills for getting the cooperation, support and resource to get the job done. Project management is not just for project managers. Team members need to know how carry out their parts of the project and business executive need to understand how to support project management efforts in the organization. 3.11 Project Management Role According to Gary Heerkens, project success will depends on personality traits like honesty, tolerance for ambiguity and openness. However skills required to make a process to go smooth. Paying constant attention to communication, making sure that, the project sponsor and the team members are clear on boundaries and expectation, documenting the project process (task, responsibilities, and relationships) and understanding customer and business needs. There are three main project management skills which are mandatory to have to lead or be a part of a project. 3.11.1 Develop Process Management Skill Learn tools for coordinating the work of many people. Get comfortable dealing with managers on issues of expectations, cost, scheduled and resources. 3.11.2 Build Your Interpersonal Skill Project management is all about getting things done through other people. Work on written and oral communication skills. Learn how to negotiate and influence. Become a coach and mentor to your project members. 3.11.3 Build a Project Network In all likelihood, your project will involve issues that are beyond your own area expertise. You should educate yourself as much as possible about the work your organization does, but it also helps to make contacts with people from diverse areas of your company. CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH PLAN AND METHOD 4.1 Methodology The methodology part specify details about the research method design, which indicates the action plan which has been followed to carry out the research to find the impact of project management on mergers and acquisitions. The amount of information which are collected, along with the techniques are used for sampling the data collection method. This also includes the data collected by primary and secondary resource. Data analysis process or method and limitation of the research that impacts the study are also explained. 4.2 Research Design This research will help us to understand the impact of project management for mergers and acquisitions. It has become clear that several ways of doing things may have to be melded and compared before the aims can be fully met. Researches will need to be conducted on the impact on mergers and acquisition firms. We need to evaluate reliability and efficiency under real world conditions using various techniques. This data would be helpful in determine what steps does the organization takes when it comes to change between the organization in terms of mergers and acquisitions. This research will follow the methods of qualitative, inductive, deductive, experimental and empirical research methods. The chapter begins with the introduction, rationale of research, literature review followed by the aims and objectives of the research. Then the research approach, research design, data collection, survey design, data analysis and questionnaire design are discussed. The chapter ends with the out comes and limitations of the research. This research will be followed as per the below step. Objectives Development Primary and Secondary Data Collection Questionnaire Preparation Design Sample Data Analysis Calculation Final Report This research was designed to achieve the objectives mentioned above. The below mention are the tool used for data collection. Data collection method, Sampling size, frame and technique. 4.3 Data Analysis The data is collected from the actual respondents, the next step in the research process is data analysis. The purpose of this analysis is to interpret and draw conclusions from the collected date. Here a four-step procedure is followed for data analysis. Editing. Coding. Data entry. Tabulation. 4.4 Research Planning First 2 weeks of February 2011 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Collection of Literature Last 2 weeks of February 2011 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Preparation of research methodology and preparation of questionnaire In First 2 weeks of March 2010 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Collection of primary/secondary data Last two weeks of March 2011 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Critical analysis of data Last week of March 2011 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Drawing a conclusion First weeks of April 2011 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Drafting the final report Second weeks of April 2011 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Final report documentation Graphical Representation for Research Planning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" This presentation shows that for the first two weeks will be required to collect the primary data. During this process it ensures that the researcher is equipped or has received the sufficient knowledge about the topic under research. This gained knowledge would help the researcher in his further course of the research. This is based on this literature review where the statement of the problem is explained. Based on statement of the problem, the exact research methodology is taken out and the questionnaire for primary data will be designed. After this the primary data collection begins, which takes longer time to complete about 3 weeks. At this stage the researcher (I) has to make sure that he receive the maximum or highest number of respondents. This process takes close to two weeks. Followed by this we have the most critical part of the research, which is the analysis of primary data and secondary data. To complete this analysis process it takes about two weeks. Once this analysis is completed accurately the researcher needs another week for writing the conclusion and result from the analysis, followed by another week for drafting and finalizing the report Based on the resources given, in terms of knowledge or skill of the researcher, and the time available for conducting the research with access to a wide range of relevant or accurate data and information, the above plan is the most feasible one for successfully conducting the research and obtaining results. CHAPTER 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 5.1 Conclusion The conclusion of this research would give a clear picture of the successful acquisition and integration process and how Santander continues to grow in this business. 5.2 Bibliography This topic which I have chosen is an acquisition project between GE and Santander, with regards to the integration of product and processes of the two organizations. The content was taken from newspapers, journals, articles, internet, internal email and interviews. There will be few interviews taken under this topic, with the senior directors and manager in the organizations. I being an employee for Santander UK, and a lead member of an integration and migration project in the New Business Department, getting information will be easy as I have an authorization from my manager. During this research I have referred to many books, meeting with the senior management team, discussion with all required departments to deliver the integration with values. I hereby will confirm that the all information which will be taken will very much be mention as references and index on the final dissertation. CHAPTER 6 REFERENCES

Drinking Age Moved to 21 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 711 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Lowering The Drinking Age Essay Did you like this example? The drinking age should be lowered to 18. How can the U.S allow 18 year olds to carry rifle or enlist in the military and not allow them to not buy a bottle of beer? Also having the drinking age up at 21 can promote dangerous illegal drinking at high school parties. When you are 18 you are legally an adult and should be able to expect to be able to do grown up things like drink, you can smoke cigarettes at 18 but not drink a beer. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Drinking Age Moved to 21" essay for you Create order 18 year olds can just go to another country that allows drinking, because most other countries allow it at 18 years old or some countries even younger. Once people turn 18 it is a change in most aspects of life. They are permitted to vote for the future of the country. They are old enough to go into marriage which can change there life forever. They are allowed to go into the military when they are 18 and risk their lives in a war zone for our country, they can also smoke cigarettes which can have long term health effects on the body. We say that they are mature enough to do all of those things, yet they cannot sit down and drink a beer? It is simply illogical that they cant drink alcohol, either move the age down to 18 or bring everything else up to 21. When you make the age of drinking 21, there are plenty of kids that will drink underage. When there are high school parties, there will obviously be beer around. The truth is that Americas teenagers do not learn to drink responsibly because it is something they have to do in secret. They are not going to go to an adult for help or to help stop them from drinking too much, as they know it is illegal so they rely on their friends or whoever else is at a party. When kids get in drunk driving accidents, it is mostly because they dont want their parents or whoever to get mad at them. Instead of simply calling their mother or father, they go home with a drunk driver and possibly get into a lethal accident, because they do not want to be looked down on or get punished. The majority of countries around the globe allow the age to consume alcohol to be much lower than the U.S. The U.S is known as the land of the free, but we are one of the most restrictive countries in the world on alcohol. Any suggestions that the right for Americans to carry a gun might be restricted is brutally shot down, but in the case of alcohol, we are one of the countries with the strictest laws.The neighboring countries to the U.S both have drinking ages of 18/19. People could simply drive over to another country or move to another country and drink all the alcohol they want. Plus the death count per hundred thousand in Canada is 1.7 which is lower than the U.S and Canadas drinking age is 19 which means that having a higher drinking age does not make death rates go down. Although my stance is clearly to move the drinking age down, there are definitely some possible negative effects. One negative effect is that alcohol consumption can possibly interfere with development of the young adult brains frontal lobes, which is essential for functions such as emotional regulation, planning, and organization. Another negative effect would be that in the 30 years since a minimum age for drinking of 21 was introduced, drunk driving fatalities decreased by a third. Also traffic accidents went down as well. Again I believe that that drinking age should be lowered to 18. We allow 18 year olds to into military combat, smoke cigarettes but not to drink. Other countries allow people of 18 to drink and some of those countries had less alcohol related deaths per hundred thousand than the U.S showing that making the drinking age higher does not make deaths decrease. Also when you make it illegal to drink kids in their teenage years will want to drink still, and because it is illegal they might decide to get a ride home from a friend instead of a sober parent because they do not want to be punished.

Adhd And Its Effects On Children - 1723 Words

Though the disease of ADHD affects every child differently, doctors utilize the same guidelines for each child in determining if the symptoms results in ADHD. According to Alan Schwarz, the rising number of diagnoses makes ADHD the second most prevalent disease in children besides asthma. Over the past twenty years, the number of children diagnosed with ADHD has risen to 3.5 million compared to 600,000 in 1990 (Schwarz A1). The families affected by ADHD rely heavily on their physicians to accurately assess their children’s symptoms, but the doctors trust on observers to record the child’s symptoms correctly. Parents need to develop a greater sense of awareness from the observations of the serious side effects that come with the medication their children consume every day. The increasing number of children diagnosed with ADHD demonstrates physicians’ inclinations to complacently misdiagnose their patients. Children mature at different times in their lives. The you nger children in a classroom seem more immature compared to the older children, resulting in the teacher describing the child as unable to concentrate. The common misdiagnosis of ADHD may just reflect the child’s immaturity when compared to the other students. According to the website, the youngest children in a classroom are 60-70 percent more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD (Miller). Some cut off dates for children can affect the maturity of a child based on their age. The children who just barely meet theShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Adhd On Children With Adhd1442 Words   |  6 PagesAndrew Youngers Ms. Aukes English II 17 September 2015 Overdiagnosis Of ADHD Medication Four percent of all children in the United States Of America are diagnosed with ADHD (â€Å"When Will America Just Say No†). From 2008-2012 the rate of children diagnosed with ADHD went up 30 percent ( While there are this many diagnoses’ not all of them are correctly given. Some people pretend to have ADHD so that they can abuse the medicine with it. This is one of the reasons people are divided at giving their childRead MoreThe Effects Of Adhd On Children With Adhd1603 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION ADHD is a very common neurodevelopment disorder of childhood. It is usually diagnosed in late childhood, around the age of seven by the teachers. The symptoms are typical during ages 3-6 and if not treated properly becomes chronic and persists even after entering adulthood. Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, staying organized and controlling impulsive behaviors. It is very difficult to diagnose and when undiagnosed the children can grow to be mislabeled as troubleRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children1358 Words   |  6 PagesWhen given the option to choose a condition to write a paper on I was immediately drawn to ADD and ADHD because these conditions are something that has had a direct effect on my life. These two disabilities weren’t just words to me, they were my reality. My father had ADHD but we were never told the name of it, rather that he just couldn’t sit still and needed to tinker, so dad was a tinkerer. It wasn’t until years lat er that I was diagnosed with ADD, which I realized that it was a condition thatRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pagesand surveys regarding if children took any prescription medication related to ADD, ADHD, or hyperactivity. There was an analysis investigating whether and to what extent minority children diagnosed with ADHD were taking medication for the disorder. I one particular study participants were asked to answer the questions with a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† response. According to the data parents answered that 650 of 780 children with an ADHD diagnosis use prescription medication for ADHD (Morgan, Staff, HillemeierRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnosed with ADHD, 60 million children and adults in the U.S. who struggle with learning and attention issues as reported by the National Center of Learning Disabilities. Approximately 5% of school-aged children and adolescents are highly affe cted. Currently, medication seems to be the first line of treatment for ADHD and there are many side effects that go along with that because it is a stimulant medication. Stimulant medicines do not help with all behaviors and signs of ADHD. ADHD is the most commonRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children1684 Words   |  7 Pagesseveral parents that had children sensitive to the medication would not listen to their children until they had to act out and show how much they medication was causing them problems. When this would happen they were seen as trouble maker children or students that would act out for no reason or just to get attention. There have been many studies on ADHD including showing that it actually has a hereditary gene to it. According to Chris Chandler, â€Å"Some have argued that ADHD may have an adaptive functionRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children3168 Words   |  13 PagesADHD was first mentioned in a 1902 speech by George Still of England. It was characterized as hyperactivity, behavioral problems with lack of concentration and learning difficulties. Some viewed it as â€Å"advanced lack of moral control†. George Still wrote â€Å"I would point out that a notable feature in many of these cases of moral defect without general impairment of intellect is a quite abnormal incapacity for sustained attention.† His conclusion was: â€Å"there is a defect of moral consciousness which cannotRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children1995 Words   |  8 Pageshyper, these are all signs of ADHD. ADHD can affect people of all ages, it doesn’t just affect children. ADHD is a mental hea lth disorder that has an impact on the brain and body, influences individuals with ADHD s behavior by having them act out get easily distracted during school, work, driving and in personal relationships. ADHD is a lifelong condition that affects both sexes of all ages. Millions of people go through the symptoms and get diagnosed every day. ADHD is considered the most commonlyRead MoreAdhd : Causes And Effects On Children976 Words   |  4 PagesADHD: Causes? And Effects on Children ADHD is a common acronym for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is widely discussed and debated among professionals, scholars, parents and teachers. The first signs of hyperactivity alone were named in the late 1950s. ADHD is common among children today and many contend with the disorder. The causes of ADHD are still likely to be debated as many point the finger at a multitude of sources. Some of the possible causes are: heredity, environment, prenatalRead MoreEffects Of Adhd On Children And Adolescents With Adhd1543 Words   |  7 PagesADHD Treatment ADHD is not a curable condition but it is treatable, and treatment can begin at any age. The use of medication is the most common form of treatment. Stimulants are the best-known treatments and have been used for over 50 years (KidsHealth, n.d.). Non-stimulants and antidepressants are good alternatives to the use of stimulants. Research has shown medications used to help curb impulsive behavior and attention difficulties are more effective when combined with behavioral therapy

Strategic Analysis of Honda Motors Free Essays

string(107) " focuses more on human relations and team working, the western style is more inclined towards hierarchy i\." EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Being founded in 1948 in Japan by Soichiro Honda, the organization has come a long way from motorcycle manufacturer at the early stages to manufacturing high power electronic items and technologically sound automobiles, trucks etc. in a short duration after its foundation, Honda motors became the leading automobile industry, standing not only in the top market players in its native market but leaving behind the regional competitors and competing at the global level with automobile giants like GM, Ford, Mercedes Benz and Chrysler etc. Being the first amongst the Japanese manufacturing companies to expand its operations globally, Honda faced numerous challenges in making its products acceptable by the European and American customers who were used to big, fuel consuming expensive cars. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analysis of Honda Motors or any similar topic only for you Order Now Honda played it beautifully by presenting low cost, high quality less fuel consumption vehicles, and now with majority of its sales volume generating outside the native region and approximately half of the manufacturing facilities outside Japan, the basic principle remains the same i.e. technologically advanced low cost vehicles. With more than 400 subsidiaries and sister concern around the world, Honda has managed the famous Japanese management theory of JIT (just in time), also the management systems and decision making processes applied by the organization has brought quite a stir in the management theorists of the west, who found it imperative to study these and make comparison with those applied in their region. Though, Honda has also shifted from time to time to some of the western management concepts but with some modification, the organization still adheres to the basic Japanese management systems of giving human relationships most importance and doing collective decision ma king and sharing responsibilities down the line. In this case study, it was studied how Honda motors handles various managerial dichotomies in organizational hierarchy, new product development, JIT system supply chain, product strategies like designing and positioning, and planning intra-organizational and inter-organizational relationships. It has emerged by this study that Honda has managed and reconciled these dichotomies successfully though some failures were also faced but the overall performance of the organization can be termed successful. INTRODUCTION The today’s highly advanced and technologically sound global automobile industry has evolved successfuly from a humble origin of wooden craft in 1890s to engine based vehicles’ mass production in 1910s and the highly popularized lean production methods of 1970s (Gopal, 2006). The industry has made speedy advancement to stand amongst the world’s top industries in terms of value and the leading industry in terms of its RD expenditures (Gopal, 2006). Due to such rapid growth of this business sector Peter Drucker (1946) termed the world automobile indutsry the ‘industry of industries’. Today, the global automobile industry has growth plans keeping view the low cost, high quality, less fuel consumption engines, innovation and modern techniques. Though the current reccession has marred the growth rate of the industry like other sectors, the global wutomobile industry is fighting hard to retain its profitability and higher shareholder value. The global industry was initially dominated by the US and European manufacturers, but the post world war II Japan started to challenge the big giants of the sector in the world market and penetrated the purely European and American automobile market successfully during 1970s and 1980s (Mair, 1999). The Japanese manufacturers like Toyota, Nissan and Honda shcoked their western competitors in producing low cost vehicles to enter thier segments. Honda was most innovative, challenging and strategically sound anmongst all its Japaenes counterparts and not only successfully captured the western markets but also succeeded in opening its manufacturing sites both in the Europe and USA and achieved economies of scale. Today, a large portion of its sales volume (approximately 77%) is generated from these foreign markets with 46% of its manufacturing facilities present off-shore (Mair 1997). The analysis that is going to be presented in this report is how Honda succeeded to achieve its present m arket positiong and how it tackled various obstacles in terms of management or strategical policies procedures. Table 1: World’s top car manufacturers (2008) Group Unit Production General Motors9000 8926 Toyota9000 8083 Ford7000 6268 Volkswagen Group6000 5685 Honda4000 3670 PSA4000 3357 Nissan4000 3223 Chrysler3000 2545 Source: http://auto.indiamart.com/cars/car-statistics/international-statistics.html Renault3000 2492 Honda has built its procedure of strategic management on a very special thinking i.e. to reconcile the dichotomies or to resolve the issues successfully, which means that Honda chooses to take advantage of all the dichotomies or in other words, the contradictions of strategic concepts such as individualism-collectivism, vertical-horizontal structure, vertical integration-market relationship, sequential-simultaneous development, cost-differentiation strategy and load more. Reconciliation refers to an approach in which the two poles are somehow made in harmony with each other. Honda’s approach to reconciling dichotomies is an exemplary innovation in management. Honda has contributed significantly in teaching today’s managers the best ways to resolve some of the hardest management dilemmas. It is also a great reference for management students all around the world (Mair, 1997). Keywords: a) Global corporate Strategy: Andrews K (1971) has defined the corporate strategy as the pattern of minor objectives, purposes or goals and essential policies or plans for achieving those goals, stated in such a way as to define what business is company in or is to be in and the kind of company it is or is it to be. In today’s global village, organizations develop strategies to cater internal as well as off-shore customers to achieve the competitive advantage. b) Managerial dichotomies: When one thing is divided in two or more different parts or opposite opinions, we said that a dichotomy occurs1. When we talk about managerial dichotomies, it means clash of different strategic concepts that are contradictory to each other in a business run. c) Japanese vs. Western style of management: in view of Wickham (2009), the comparison of these two thinking of management could well be defined as â€Å"To do the Right Things or do Things RightThe ‘What’ and the ‘How’. At one hand, if Japanese management style focuses more on human relations and team working, the western style is more inclined towards hierarchy i. You read "Strategic Analysis of Honda Motors" in category "Essay examples"e. it is more top-down style which gives CEOs more importance and rewards whereas, Japanese emphasize more on advanced manufacturing technologies, just in time theory and TQM (total quality management), their western counterparts believe on trade-offs between cost quality and individualism group etc (Wickham, 2009). d) Corporate Governance: It defines the relationship between all the stakeholders in a company. This includes the shareholders, directors, and management of a company, as defined by the corporate charter, bylaws, formal policy and rule of law (Investopedia). It is also defined as â€Å"the set of processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting 1http://www.answers.com/topic/dichotomy#ixzz1MVzwuwMt the way a corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled†.(Barron’s Accounting dictionary). e) Corporate Ethics: It is the study and evaluation of the decision making by the businesses according to moral concepts and judgments. Ethical questions range from practical, narrowly defined issues, such as a company’s obligation to be honest with its customers, to broader social and philosophical questions, such as a company’s responsibility to preserve the environment and protect employee rights (Paluszek, 2005). f) Corporate Social Responsibility: When an organization recognizes what are its corporate social responsibilities, it imposes a self regulation upon itself and its management system and the business model. This regulation enables the organization to monitor business practices to ensure that these practices and activities are in alignment with the law, ethical standards and international laws (Wood, 1991). Question 1: a) ‘Planning’ vs. ‘Learning’ For the success of any business, it is imperative that the organizations resolve some of the dichotomies that run in the business. Honda used to introduce their products by considering the geographical differences and cultural variations and it yielded them good results in their business as well. The dichotomy of whether an organization is a planning organization or learning one is very difficult to resolve (De Wit, B. and Meyer, R., 2004). Honda has handled and reconciled this dichotomy successfully; in view of Mintzberg (1987) Honda is a company which epitomized in a very exemplary way that it’s a ‘crafted’ organization rather than a ‘planned’ one. Pascal (1984) is also of the opinion that the mangers at Honda got the firsthand reaction on their automobiles by driving their own products and learnt after making simplest of the mistakes till they struck the right formula while entering the US motorcycle market. During the whole course of this entrance , they learned and made it a part of their system. Mintzberg (1989) has hailed Honda by declaring it as a company with some common sense, not overly-rational, but which learns from different markets and do not try to impose distant corporate views. It can be extracted from the case that the under discussion organization is learning one but with strategies planned with such detail and accuracy that the organizational system first learn then adjust itself to the changes in business environment easily. Honda case reveals the necessity of ‘emergent learning alongside deliberate planning’ Mair (1999), also Mintzberg (1991) is of the opinion that though both planning and learning are necessary , the leaning should come first, he has also argued that the rationale thinking on part of Honda would not have helped the organization sell its motorcycle in USA. Honda is strategically active organization with a well thought of and planned strategic system that is why it has been able to resolve this dichotomy successfully exchanging both planning and learning with each other. b) ‘Positioning’ vs. ‘Developing internal resources’ It is very difficult for an organization to choose between deciding the positioning strategies of its product or to develop its internal resources in such a way that would automatically position its products better in minds of customers, Honda also faced this difficult scenario and got through it successfully again, though failures are inevitable part of this paradox, but the organization got through them as well. Many reasons could be cited to determine the rationale behind this success, Hamel and Prahalad (1994) are of the opinion that this was not to any significant part of its management of the dealers’ network, rather on the difference of driving the Honda experiences over its competitors. They have also stated that ‘Honda’s ability to produce some of the world’s best engines and power trains does provide customers with high valued benefits’. A large portion of company’s global sales comes from the conservative and simple brand like Civic and Accord, which is in contrast to the general opinion about Honda being the producer of mainly the sporty and technically innovative cars, these sales figures show how customers perceive its products, i.e. as a combination of high quality vehicles with low prices and this concept is based on Honda’s core capability of product and process designs. Also, the RD of Honda is stronger than its competitors mostly the Americans, as it introduces innovative products more frequently in the market (Hamel and Prahalad,1994), it presented Honda NSX was presented as a replacement of the Ferrari but at a fraction of the cost. It conducts research ad is able to identify customers’ and presented products which they wanted to have but didn’t know it themselves (Hamel and Prahalad, 1994). Yet today, it is making huge investments in strengthening its core capability of technological advancements, low – pollution power sources e.g. electric or solar power and less fuel co nsuming engines, so that a potential breakthrough in the market position could be achieved. Thus, Honda is integrating both these functioning successfully in attaining the competitive advantage in the global automobile industry. c) ‘Product-related core competencies’ vs. ‘ Process-related core capabilities’ The technological edge that Honda enjoys over its competitors enables the organization to produce its well known internal combustion engines which in a way reduces pollution and the latest technology they introduced in their product is CVCC. Though the new models introduced by Honda are less in comparison to its competitor GM Ford, the quality of these new products helps it to gain the competitive advantage. This innovative technology is then also used in other product lines as well (motorcycles, automobiles and other power products). The technology developed for the power trains and engines is also transferred to other products such as cars, tractors, generators and marine engines (Mair, 1999). The manufacturing concerns depend heavily on their process related core competencies, which represent the quantity in contrast to the product related core competency which represents quality. Honda has acquired both competencies and is successfully utilizing them simultaneously by producing at a large scale and specializing in low polluted and less fuel consumption auto and power engines. As the organization believes on the right-first time principle, the outcome is the right one without with errors (Mair, 1999), enabling the organization to save time which would otherwise spend in resolving the errors if there are any in its products. Errors increase the operational cost and lead time for product availability, which would force shift in customers’ preference from their brand to other. Honda has developed another competency, i.e. built-in-quality, gained through various sub transformational tasks in operations and determines its effectiveness via observing customer satisfactio n. Thus, it proves that Honda has created an amalgam of both dichotomies by incorporating its core competencies both the products and process successfully. Whereas, Western manufacturers view their businesses and operations only with the perspective of the manufacturer, Honda views them both from manufacturers’ and customers’ point of view. Question 2: ‘Japanese management model’ vs. ‘Western management model’ Western organizations are more inclined to the managerial class in their enterprises, Japanese on the other hand, prefer the worker. As Hofstede (1993) has stated that, ‘the Japanese are controlled by their peers rather than by their managers’. Western organizations believe in â€Å"large lot mass production’ in manufacturing helping in reducing the cost and time, with few options in the hand of the customers, Japanese enterprises contrarily are based on the flexibility of production in which more importance is given to innovation (Mair, 1999). The recruitment in the Japanese firms are mainly made from the school levels on the basis of the general characteristics of the incumbent, they also believe in long-term relations with their employees rather than a short-term relation as are usually seen in the western organizations which break-off in the downslide periods. Also the western firms view the technical skills of the new entrant most important (Hofstede, 1993). Practices for the progress in the career of the employees also differ in both styles, Japanese give seniority most importance while western organizations view merit as the sole criteria. Same is the case with remunerations paid in both systems, where Japanese prefer seniority while considering wages the western organizations give efficiency most importance. Human resources are the most important fixed assets in the Japanese organizations which in their counterparts is considered to be a semi variable asset. Japanese prefer working in teams and have open offices wh ile in the western organizations offices are filled with cubicles and employees work individually. Group decision making is the charter of the Japanese organizations while western ones believe in the individualism with employees stick to the tasks given to them in western organization in contrast to the more independence given to workers in Japan. In Honda factories, they are performing free flow of assembly line system where employees are taking decision to send the product to the next level (Mair, 1997). Trade-offs between product quality, cost and delivery, with high quality costing more and vice versa are common thinking in the western style, Japanese model, on the other hand, follows â€Å"Right-First-Time† in which all the errors are removed during production. Priority is given to built-in-quality which in turn reduces production costs and also reduces product delivery time. Western enterprises practice centralized management where all decisions taken by the top management and implemented by the other staff in lower hierarchy, Japanese on the other hand, practice decentralized management which is characterized by the round table discussions. Thus western organizational structure is vertical and Japanese is horizontal (Mair, 1997). There are no doubts in the effectiveness of both the management styles, both are successful in their own capacity and also have their own shortcomings as well. An edge is obtained by the Japanese style due to better maintenance of and participation of employees in the decision making processes, customers could choose from various choices so quality is given the priority. Due to specific hierarchical system of management in Japanese organizations, the responsibilities are shared which brings out the best from all the employees. Question 3: ‘Corporate governance’ vs. ‘Corporate social responsibility’ Nowadays, CSR (corporate social responsibility) has consumed all focus of the managers in the world, an old thinking given new dimensions in the management function each organization is expected to exhibit some â€Å"ethical behavior and moral management†. Recently, the organizations have made it imperative to practice â€Å"corporate social responsibility† (Carroll, 2000). Automobile industry is the largest industry of the world after construction and grocery industries on capital and investment ratios with topping the list on technological perspective. Though Flores (20010 agrees that the main objective of this industry is to produce more cars with profitability, he is of the opinion that the profit should be made but not on the expense of ignoring responsibilities towards the community. Every organization makes CSR an imperative part of its corporate strategy as they have certain obligations towards the society from which they are generating their profit and of which they themselves are the part. Demands of organizational stakeholders are also met via CSR, through which the customers make notice of such organizations as a good one. CSR has a large horizon with social, economical and environmental aspects as its integral part. However most of the organizations try to avoid social and environmental aspects and cope up with economical aspects only (Aguilera, 2008). Honda strictly shows its commitment towards society by taking initiatives regarding environmental issues. Honda Civic, a new model of Honda was introduced with clear air test using Muskie Law and it was to follow the American environment regulations2. Crane, Matten and Laura (2007) stated that â€Å"CSR should not be considered as an ethical add on to the existing business, but it should be considered as a part and parcel of corporate strategy itself. Adoption of CSR activities eventually leads to prosperous company and society†. It helps organization building good name for them in the minds of customers, good relationship with employees, clients and other stakeholders which ultimately improves the organizational performance and profitability. If CSR is not being followed, the organizational business is affected as the firm’s good name will are destroyed in the customers’ minds. Thus, 2http://www.topgear.com/uk/honda/civic, organizations need to practice CSR, as it is vital in building a good rapport with the customers and increase business. By the introduction of environmental friendly engines with low pollution helped Honda to increase their revenue. It created a good name among its consumers as well. Apart from the financial aspects, non-financial aspects of an organization are also get affected by CSR, like selection and recruitment process of organization, employee motivation and employee retention and the innovation. Also, the environmental factors and ethical factors force the organization to come up with innovative products and these innovative products increase company’s overall profits as well and assist them to sustain in market for a long term by making better quality cars for their customers, it ultimately increases the reputation of the company. CSR enables the organization to get rid of risks and errors from their production and operations by realizing the upcoming issues. CSR are thus result in giving more competitive advantage and profit by marketing positions. As automobile companies are going greener and environmental free, cost of production may reduce and it will improve their performance in the market (Hill and Knowlton, 2006) Toyota Prius is a new model which is a hybrid car which runs using electricity and gas. Even though it is not fuel effective, it is sold in great numbers as they are eco friendly. Honda too introduced Hybrid cars and it attracted more customers as well. Thus it shows that companies who are following CSR can generate great profit. Toyota showed their CSR when one of their hybrid car models faced brake failure in the market and the same thing happens to Ferrari in the year 2010 as one of their model exploded. Honda was chosen as the top CSR Company in UK during the year 20063. CONCLUSION: It is evident from the study of this case that the managerial dichotomies in the organizations are well handled by our focused organization i.e. Honda. Despite some failures in the course of these applications, the overall performance of Honda is satisfactory and can be called successful, creating an example to follow for other organizations on how to perform specially in the period of downslides. Honda handles these dichotomies with precision, applying a web-like organizational structure i.e. the combination of both vertical and horizontal systems of hierarchy levels in the management, implying teamwork and individualism simultaneously and developing both formal and informal relationships within the organization and also outside with other business organizations or the stakeholders. As the managerial dichotomies that exist at the business and corporate levels and are more complex and multilayered as compared to those present at the operational levels, they should be handled with gre at care and planning and Honda has been very successful in achieving this target. This handling of these dichotomies has attracted global management and strategic theorists to shift their focus from studying the strategies adopted by the western organizations to those adopted by their Japanese counterparts mainly Honda. Western management thinking of â€Å"trade-offs† between various vital functions 3http://www.marketresearchworld.net/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=672 Like product quality cost, cost product delivery etc are challenged by Honda by developing â€Å"build in quality process†. The firm is also focusing in manufacturing high quality technological cars to attract customers who go for the quality with low cost rather than other aspects. Honda has also left behind its competitors in the field of product development, with continuously bringing in new products with less fuel consumption engines, a core competency of the organization, power engines not only for heavy vehicles but for product lines of motorcycles and cars as well. The introduction of new products in the market are also made at sufficient intervals and with great care, planning and RD, when the consumers are desperately start looking for more advanced and sophisticated products / models. The organization avoids re-launching its existing brand with only some face-lifts done to the previous models. REFERENCES A. B. Carroll (1979), A Three Dimensional model of corporate performance, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 4. pp. 497-505 Andrew Mair (1997), Reconciling managerial dichotomies at Honda Motors Andrew Mair (1999), Learning from JapanInterpretations of Honda Motors by Strategic Management Theorists Bob De Wit and Ron Meyer (2004) â€Å"STRATEGY Process, Content, Context an International Perspective† (3rd edition), Thomson publishers, New York Business Reference Services Fall 2004. Chithra Gopal R.S. (2006), Global Automobile Industry: Changing with Times D Wood (1991), Corporate Social Performance Revisited, The Academy of Management Review Richard T. Pascal (1984), Perspectives on strategy: the real story behind Honda’s success, California Management Review. Gary Hamel and C.K. Prahalad (1994), Competing for the Future, Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Geert Hofstede (1993), Cultural constraints in management theories, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 7, No. 1. Henry Mintzberg (1987), Crafting Strategy, Harvard Business Review, July – Aug, pp. 66 – 75 Henry Mintzberg (1989), Mintzberg on Management, New York: the Free Press Henry Mintzberg (1991), Learning 1 Planning 0: Reply to Igor Ansoff, Strategic Management Journal, 12: 464 – 466. Intelli Zen, http://www.intelli-zen.com/?p=9 John Paluszek (2005), Ethics and Brand Value: Strategic Differentiation, Business and Organizational Ethics Partnership Steve Wickham (2009), Leadership Vs Management Dichotomy http://www.honda.com/newsandviews/article.aspx?id=20010103000988 http://blog.cleveland.com/business/2008/11/auto_industry_bailout_may_be_w.html http://www.marketresearchworld.net/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=672 http://www.forbes.com/2002/04/09/0409autos.html http://www.answers.com/topic/dichotomy#ixzz1MVzwuwMt http://www.topgear.com/uk/honda/civic, How to cite Strategic Analysis of Honda Motors, Essay examples